ENHANCING WATER SECURITY IN NAIROBI: ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Africa, with annual growth rates of 6 - 9%, has led to significant water-related challenges in many cities. Issues related to water quality, quantity, and timing are interconnected, making it crucial to address them comprehensively. As urban areas expand, the demand for water often outstrips infrastructure development, forcing cities to pump water from distant sources. This approach exacerbates problems related to both water quality and quantity. To address these challenges, there is a growing interest in rainwater harvesting, particularly through groundwater recharge. Groundwater recharge involves diverting excess rainwater from storm drainage systems to replenish shallow aquifers. This not only helps raise groundwater tables but also reduces the intensity of flooding. As urbanization leads to increased impervious surfaces like pavements and rooftops, stormwater runoff becomes a significant issue. Storing excess rainwater rather than allowing it to flow into drains can help alleviate these problems and contribute to the sustainability of aquifers In water-scarce regions like Kenya, where groundwater is increasingly relied upon to meet rising demands, managing urban floods caused by inadequate storm drainage systems is crucial. Groundwater recharge initiatives, such as drilling boreholes, are being undertaken to supplement water supply, especially in cases where traditional sources like Ndakaini Dam become unreliable